By Julie Tomascik
Editor

Thousands of acres in Texas will harness the sun’s rays, but not for livestock or crop production. Solar energy development companies are moving into rural communities, and it’s dividing those who live there.

Some landowners have agreed to long-term leases with the solar companies, while neighbors and other communities across the state oppose the industrial facilities and are attempting to stop them.

Robert Fleming, who farms and ranches in Central Texas, helped organize and lead a grassroots effort to temporarily block the projects from taking area land out of agricultural production.

“I’m not against solar, but when it comes to taking prime farmland and ranchland out of production, that’s where I get concerned,” he said. “These companies are very organized. They’re very professional, and they’ve done this across the United States. They’re very sneaky. They come into our communities, and they separate family. They separate friends. They separate neighbors with a dollar bill, and that’s what really bothers me the most. They know that no one can compete with that kind of money, because we’re in a depressed agricultural economy.”

The solar company’s project decision came down to Troy ISD and whether the school district would approve a tax abatement under Chapter 313, which is an economic development program within the state’s tax code allowing taxable property value to be traded for promised job creation. It’s a tool long-used by school districts.

Fleming, several landowners and concerned citizens spoke out against the abatement and met with State Rep. Hugh Shine, Troy ISD school board officials, county commissioners and community leaders.

“We gave them packets of stuff, and we tried to inform them the best we could through the packets and also through emails and telephone calls,” Fleming said. “We stayed vigilant. The closer the vote came, the more aggressive we got—but in a professional way.”

Their efforts proved successful. Troy ISD voted down the solar project abatement proposal by a 6-1 vote.

The solar company issued a statement to a media outlet saying, “This decision by Troy ISD could eliminate opportunities for local private landowners and that county at-large, including over $36 million in tax payments to Bell County and Troy ISD.”

A bill that would extend the Chapter 313 tax abatement program failed in the Texas Legislature earlier this year. Fleming believes the reason many solar companies are trying to push projects through right now is because the tax abatement program expires Dec. 31, 2022.

Texas Farm Bureau’s current policy is supportive of legislation and incentives to develop farm-based renewable energy such as solar, wind and biogas projects. However, members recognize a need to study the cumulative impacts to agricultural land values and electrical markets that result from incentive programs such as local tax abatements.

The position reflects division and concern among some members.

Other property owners, however, welcome the solar projects. Solar companies are offering lucrative leases, around $450 to $1,200 per acre per year with incremental increases. The leases range from 20-40 years, with the option for additional long-term renewals.

The steady income can help smooth out the financial roller coaster of growing crops and raising livestock, and there’s no cost to the landowner for “raising” solar panels.

“Money’s intoxicating,” Fleming said.

Acres of Texas farmland are shifting from traditional crops to solar farming. One of the limits, though, is distance to the electrical grid. It’s costly to build a connection to transmission lines.

But the solar industry continues to grow across the country as technology and materials get cheaper, and federal tax credits further cut the cost of developing solar projects.

When thousands of acres are taken out of production, however, critics say it will affect area businesses and the Lone Star State’s total agricultural production.

“How many people are tied to agriculture, to that land, and depend on it? It’s not just the producer. It’s the fertilizer company, chemical salesmen, feed companies, insurance company, tractor implement companies, trucking, on and on and on. There’s a lot of people tied to that land,” Fleming said.

The change in landscape can also alter rural communities.

Critics say development of these projects stresses rural infrastructure. Farm-to-market and county roads built for occasional heavy loads are subjected to an onslaught of heavy machines and loaded gravel trucks. Crop fields and pastures once lush with livestock and new growth are covered with rock and guarded by chain-link fences topped with razor wire.

It’s an unusual look after decades of agricultural production.

But scenarios like the one in Troy are playing out across the state as solar is the fastest-growing source of electricity in Texas.

Clean energy advocates and regulators, along with landowners, support the renewable energy source, but many farmers and ranchers are wary of the massive new installations moving into their communities.

“We’re getting eaten up every day by urbanization. Now, we have to deal with solar leases,” Fleming said.

What does the future hold for Fleming and his family?

He’ll continue to grow crops and raise cattle alongside his wife, son, daughter and son-in-law as long as he can, fighting to save a way of life.

And it remains to be seen how many solar panels will sprout across the state, creaking occasionally as they pivot to follow the sun across the sky.